Makar Sankranti, also known as Pongal in Tamil Nadu, Lohri in Punjab, and Bihu in Assam, is a harvest festival celebrated in various parts of India. It marks the transition of the sun into the zodiac sign of Capricorn (Makar Rashi) and signifies the beginning of longer days.
The Significance of Makar Sankranti:
1. Cultural Traditions: Makar Sankranti is a cultural festival that holds great significance across India. It is celebrated with different names and rituals in various regions.
2. Agricultural Importance: For farmers, Makar Sankranti marks the end of the winter crop season and the beginning of the harvest season. It is a time of thanksgiving for a successful harvest.
3. Astronomical Significance: The tilt of the Earth’s axis leads to the change in the sun’s position, which is significant in astronomy and traditional Indian calendars.
Rituals and Celebrations:
1. Kite Flying: One of the most popular traditions associated with Makar Sankranti is kite flying. People fly colorful kites and engage in friendly competitions.
2. Bonfires: In states like Punjab, Lohri is celebrated with bonfires, music, and dance. People gather around the bonfire, throw sweets, and popcorn into the fire, symbolizing the burning of negativity.
3. Pongal: In Tamil Nadu, Pongal is celebrated as a four-day festival. Families cook a special dish called Pongal using newly harvested rice, milk, jaggery, and ghee.
4. Bihu Dance: In Assam, Bihu is celebrated with traditional dances like the Bihu dance. People dress in traditional attire, perform folk dances, and sing Bihu songs.
Traditional Foods:
1. Tilgul: In Maharashtra, people exchange tilgul (sesame and jaggery sweets) and say, “Tilgul ghya, god god bola” meaning “Eat tilgul and speak sweetly”.
2. Rewri: In North India, people enjoy rewri (a sweet made of sesame seeds and jaggery) during Makar Sankranti.
3. Khichdi: In Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, people prepare khichdi (a dish made of rice and lentils) on Makar Sankranti.
Five Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Makar Sankranti:
1. What is the significance of kite flying on Makar Sankranti?
– Kite flying symbolizes letting go of past grievances and starting anew with a fresh perspective.
2. Why is sesame (til) considered auspicious during Makar Sankranti?
– Sesame seeds are believed to have purifying properties and are offered as a symbol of good luck and prosperity.
3. How is Makar Sankranti celebrated in South India?
– In South India, Makar Sankranti is celebrated as Pongal, a four-day festival involving rituals, cooking traditional foods, and decorating cattle.
4. What is the significance of the bonfire in Lohri celebrations?
– The bonfire in Lohri symbolizes the passing of the winter solstice and the preparation for longer days ahead.
5. Are there any specific religious rituals associated with Makar Sankranti?
– While Makar Sankranti is a secular festival, many people also take a dip in holy rivers like the Ganges to wash away their sins and seek blessings.
Makar Sankranti is a vibrant festival that unites people across India in celebration of nature’s bounty, cultural diversity, and the spirit of togetherness. Participating in the traditional festivities and rituals of Makar Sankranti offers a unique opportunity to immerse oneself in the rich tapestry of Indian culture and heritage. May this auspicious festival bring joy, prosperity, and abundance to all!